born Feb. 22, 1936, York, Pa., U.S.
U.S. virologist.
He graduated from Harvard Medical School. In 1970 he and oncogene s (cancer-causing genes). Further research showed that such genes can cause cancer even without viral involvement. By 1989, the year Bishop and Varmus shared a Nobel Prize for their research, scientists had identified more than 40 oncogenes in animals.