orig. Charles Edward Louis Philip Casimir Stuart known as Bonnie Prince Charlie
born Dec. 31, 1720, Rome
died Jan. 31, 1788, Rome
Claimant to the British throne.
He was the son of the royal pretender James II of England. Seeking to regain the throne, in 1745 the "Young Pretender" landed in Scotland, where he raised an army of 2,400 among the clans. After taking Edinburgh and routing the English at Prestonpans, he crossed the English border and reached Derby, but a lack of strong support from the Jacobite s and the French forced his retreat into Scotland. He was decisively defeated at the Battle of {{link=Culloden, Battle of">Culloden (1746) and, aided by Flora Macdonald (1722–90) and disguised as her maid, escaped to France. He wandered about Europe trying to revive his cause, but his debauched behaviour alienated his friends. He settled in Italy in 1766. He later became romanticized in ballads and legends.