born June 27, 1869, Kovno, Lith., Russian Empire
died May 14, 1940, Toronto, Ont., Can.
International anarchist.
She immigrated to the U.S. in 1885, settling in Rochester, N.Y. Moving to New York City in 1889, she formed a close association with the Russian anarchist Alexander Berkman (1870–1936); the two corresponded regularly during Berkman's imprisonment (1892–1906) for an assassination attempt on Mother Earth and wrote on {{link=anarchism">anarchism , feminism, birth control, and other social problems. After Berkman's release she continued anarchist activities with him until 1917, when they were arrested for agitating against the military draft. Upon her release in 1919, she and other anarchists were deported to the Soviet Union. She moved to England in 1921 and later to Canada and Spain, continuing to lecture throughout Europe.