Any of various small, usually avant-garde periodicals devoted to serious literary writings.
The name signifies most of all a usually noncommercial manner of editing, managing, and financing. They were published from с 1880 through much of the 20th century and flourished in the U.S. and England, though French and German writers also benefited from them. Foremost among them were two U.S. periodicals, Poetry and the more erratic and often more sensational Little Review (1914–29); the English Egoist (1914–19) and Blast (1914–15); and the French transition (1927–38).