born , Sept. 29, 1920, Mitcham, Surrey, Eng.
died April 10, 1992, Bodmin, Cornwall
British chemist.
He discovered how the distribution of enzyme s in mitochondrial membranes helps them use energy from hydrogen ion s to convert ADP to ATP . He received a 1978 Nobel Prize for formulating the chemiosmotic theory, which explains how energy is generated in the mitochondria of living cells.