or Nien Rebellion
(с 1852–68) Rebellion in northern China during the Qing dynasty .
The Nian, a secret society, was probably a reincarnation of the White Lotus Society; it attracted poor peasants, salt smugglers, and army deserters who used guerrilla hit-and-run tactics to attack the wealthy and redistribute the plundered goods among the needy. They took over local militias and formed their own armies. They were finally crushed by Li Hongzhang , who defeated them using modern weapons and blockade lines. See also Taiping Rebellion .