ABEL, JOHN JACOB

born May 19, 1857, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. died May 26, 1938, Baltimore, Md. American pharmacologist and physiological chemist who made important contributions to a modern understanding of the ductless, or endocrine, glands. He isolated adrenaline in the form of a chemical derivative (1897) and crystallized insulin (1926). He also invented an artificial kidney. Abel taught at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (1891-93), and at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (1893), and directed the Laboratory for Endocrine Research (1932). He served as editor of the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics from 1909 to 1932.