ASHBERY, JOHN

born July 28, 1927, Rochester, N.Y., U.S. in full John Lawrence Ashbery American poet noted for the elegance, originality, and obscurity of his poetry. Ashbery graduated from Harvard University in 1949 and received a master's degree from Columbia University (N.Y.) in 1951. After working as a copywriter in New York City (195155), he lived in Paris until 1965, contributing art criticism to the Paris edition of the New York Herald-Tribune and to the American periodical Art News. Returning to New York, he served as executive editor of Art News from 1965 to 1972 and then took a post teaching poetry and creative writing at Brooklyn College. Ashbery's first published book, Turandot and Other Poems (1953), was followed by Some Trees (1956), The Tennis Court Oath (1962), Rivers and Mountains (1966), and The Double Dream of Spring (1970). His collection entitled Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror (1975) was awarded the National Book Award for poetry, the Pulitzer Prize for poetry, and the National Book Critics Circle prize. His subsequent poetry volumes include Houseboat Days (1977), A Wave (1984), April Galleons (1987), Flow Chart (1991), And the Stars Were Shining (1994), Can You Hear, Bird (1995), and Wakefulness (1998). Ashbery's poetry was initially greeted with puzzlement and even hostility owing to its extreme difficulty. His poems are characterized by arresting images and exquisite rhythms, an intricate form, and sudden shifts in tone and subject that produce curious effects of fragmentation and obliquity. They are appreciated more as highly suggestive and dreamlike meditations rather than for any decipherable meaning they may possess.