BONIVARD, FRANOIS

born 1493, Seyssel, Savoy died 1570, Geneva [Switzerland] Genevan patriot, the hero of Lord Byron's poem The Prisoner of Chillon. Bonivard's real character and history are very different from the legendary account that Byron popularized. After succeeding his uncle as head of the Cluniac priory of St. Victor, near Geneva, he began to oppose the encroachments made by Charles III, duke of Savoy, and the bishop of Geneva against that city's liberties. He was imprisoned by the duke at Grole from 1519 to 1521, lost his priory, and became more and more anti-Savoyard. In 1528, supported by the city of Geneva, he took up arms against those who had seized his ecclesiastical revenues; in 1530, however, he was imprisoned in the castle of Chillon, where he was kept underground from 1532 until he was released in 1536. Becoming a Protestant, Bonivard obtained a pension from Geneva and was married four times. In 1542 he began compiling his Chroniques de Genve, a history of Geneva from the earliest times. His manuscript was submitted to the reformer John Calvin for correction in 1551, but it was not published until 1831. He also wrote De l'ancienne et nouvelle police de Genve (1555; The Old and New Government of Geneva).