BRATHWAITE, KAMAU

born May 11, 1930, Bridgetown, Barbados original name Lawson Edward Brathwaite, also published as Edward Brathwaite and Edward Kamau Brathwaite Barbadian author whose works are noted for their rich and complex examination of the African and indigenous roots of Caribbean culture. Brathwaite was educated at Harrison College, Barbados, and Pembroke College, Cambridge (B.A., 1953; Cert. Ed., 1954). After working from 1955 to 1962 for the Education Ministry of what is now Ghana, he did postgraduate work at the University of Sussex (D.Phil., 1968). From 1963 he taught mainly at the University of the West Indies in Kingston, Jamaica. Brathwaite first published his poetry in the 1950s in England and the West Indies. His collections Rights of Passage (1967), Masks (1968), and Islands (1969) brought him international recognition. These volumes, later published together as The Arrivants (1973), record a West Indian's search for cultural identity. Another trilogyMother Poem (1977), Sun Poem (1982), and X/Self (1987)also examines the issues of identity. In addition to several later collections of poetry, notably Barabajan Poems, 14921992 (1994), Brathwaite produced a number of cultural, historical, and literary studies, among them Folk Culture of the Slaves in Jamaica (1970; rev. ed., 1981), The Development of Creole Society in Jamaica 17701820 (1971), History of the Voice: The Development of Nation Language in Anglophone and Caribbean Poetry (1984), and Roots (1986).