CAPELLEN, GODERT ALEXANDER GERARD PHILIP, BARON VAN DER

born Dec. 15, 1778, Utrecht, Neth. died April 10, 1848, De Bilt governor-general of the Dutch East Indies (181626) who helped draw up a new Dutch colonial policy for the Indies. Van der Capellen first saw service in the Dutch judiciary and as minister of the interior (180910). As governor-general, he experienced serious difficulties. Faced with revolts in the Moluccas (also known as the Spice Islands), he abolished the Dutch monopoly there. Further, he found that granting freedom of trade to everyone allowed the Europeans with their superior skills to take advantage of the Indonesians, who were soon reduced to serfdom. As a remedy he forbade the native states to sell more lands to Europeans and thus infuriated not only the Europeans but also the Indonesian aristocrats, whom he ordered to reclaim their former lands and pay indemnities for improvements. This program sparked the outbreak of the bloody Java War (182530). Meanwhile, the financial condition of the Indies had been steadily deteriorating. To raise funds van der Capellen arranged a loan from Britain, mortgaging the Indies in the process. That step brought him his dismissal.