CEZANNE, PAUL


Meaning of CEZANNE, PAUL in English

born January 19, 1839, Aix-en-Provence, France died October 22, 1906, Aix-en-Provence French painter, one of the greatest of the Post-Impressionists, whose works and ideas were influential in the aesthetic development of many 20th-century artists and art movements, especially Cubism. Czanne's art, misunderstood and discredited by the public during most of his life, grew out of Impressionism and eventually challenged all the conventional values of painting in the 19th century because of his insistence on personal expression and on the integrity of the painting itself, regardless of subject matter. Additional reading Life and work A general narrative of Czanne's life and work is Richard Verdi, Czanne (1992). Franoise Cachin et al., Czanne (1996), was published in conjunction with a major retrospective exhibition, and, in addition to scholarly essays on the development of the artist's career and an extensive chronological catalog of the paintings and sketchbooks, it features a section of portraits of Czanne, extracts of his opinions on art, an overview of a century of criticism on his work, and a table of collectors of his art. Outstanding among the many biographies of the artist are John Rewald, Czanne (1986, reissued 1990); and Gerstle Mack, Paul Czanne (1935, reprinted 1989), which offers a detailed chronology and extracts of the artist's poetry. John Rewald (ed.), Paul Czanne: Letters, 4th ed. rev. and enlarged, trans. from French by Marguerite Kay (1976, reissued 1995), is also an essential source. John Rewald, Walter Feilchenfeldt, and Jayne Warman, The Paintings of Paul Czanne: A Catalogue Raisonn, 2 vol. (1996), is the standard, comprehensive catalogue raisonn of the artist's oeuvre. Other important catalogs of Czanne's work in individual media include John Rewald, Paul Czanne, the Watercolors: A Catalogue Raisonn (1983); and Adrien Chappuis, The Drawings of Paul Czanne: A Catalogue Raisonn, 2 vol. (1973; originally published in French, 1966). A more personal view of the artist is recorded in works by his contemporaries, including Ambroise Vollard, Czanne: A Memoir with Conversations (1921, reprinted 1991), which contains the recollections of his dealer. An overview of critical reception of the artist's work is Judith Wechsler (compiler), Czanne in Perspective (1975). Themes and criticism Specific phases of the artist's career are discussed in Lawrence Gowing, Czanne: The Early Years, 18591872 (1988), ed. by Mary Anne Stevens; Mary Tompkins Lewis, Czanne's Early Imagery (1989); and William Rubin (ed.), Czanne: The Late Work (1977). Roger Fry, Czanne: A Study of His Development, 2nd ed. (1932, reprinted 1989); and Meyer Schapiro, Czanne, 2nd ed. (1962), endure as the standard sources for critical and evaluative analysis of Czanne's work and influence. Paul Smith, Interpreting Czanne (1996), presents a history of analysis of the artist's work; and Richard Shiff, Czanne and the End of Impressionism (1984, reissued 1986), situates the artist's work in the context of 19th-century modernism. Individual themes in Czanne's oeuvre are examined in Linda Nochlin, Czanne's Portraits (1996); Mary Louise Krumrine, Paul Czanne: The Bathers (1990); and Muse Granet, Sainte-Victoire: Czanne (1990). In Pavel Machotka, Czanne: Landscape into Art (1996), Czanne's landscapes are paired with photographs of the actual sites. Ren Huyghe The Editors of the Encyclopdia Britannica

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