CHICAGO CRITICS

also called The Chicago school, group of pluralist, formalist American literary critics-including Richard McKeon, Elder Olson, Ronald Salmon Crane, and Norman Maclean-who exerted a significant influence on the development of modern American criticism. The group's members, associated from the 1940s with the University of Chicago, often were called "Aristotelian," or, more accurately, "Neo-Aristotelian," because of their concern with form and genre. Their approach emphasized an evaluation of the author's solutions to specific problems in the construction of a text. One of the most complete discussions of the Chicago critics is found in Critics and Criticism: Ancient and Modern (1952), edited by Crane. A full exposition of the theoretical basis of the group's method is to be found in Crane's study The Languages of Criticism and the Structure of Poetry (1953). Wayne C. Booth, one of the younger critics, applied the group's principles to fiction in The Rhetoric of Fiction (1961) and expanded its theories in later works.