CLANNY, WILLIAM REID

born 1776, Bangor, County Down, Ire. died Jan. 10, 1850, near Sunderland, Durham, Eng. physician who invented one of the first safety lamps (1813) for use in coal mines; some of its features were incorporated in Sir Humphry Davy's safety lamp, which was the precursor of modern safety lamps. Educated at the University of Edinburgh (M.D.), Clanny served with the navy before becoming a private practitioner. In Clanny's time, a serious hazard of coal mining was ignition by miners' lamps of firedamp, an explosive mixture of air and methane, a gas commonly present in deposits of coal. Clanny developed a miner's lamp that would not ignite firedamp but was unwieldy; he later reduced its bulk and adapted several improvements devised by Davy, one of which was a shield of metal gauze.