COLLINS, MARVA

born Aug. 31, 1936, Monroeville, Ala., U.S. ne Marva Delores Knight American educator who broke with a public school system she found to be failing inner-city children and established her own rigorous system and practice to cultivate her students' independence and accomplishment. Marva Knight attended the Bethlehem Academy, a strict, no-nonsense school that proved to have an influence on the development of her later educational methods. She studied secretarial sciences at Clark College in Atlanta, Georgia, but was unable to work as a secretary because of her race. From 1957 she taught bookkeeping, typing, shorthand, and business law at Monroe County Training School. She moved to Chicago in 1959 and married Clarence Collins. In 1961 Marva Collins began working for the Chicago school system. Dissatisfied with its apathy, neglect, and hostility toward inner-city students, most of whom were poor and black, Collins set high standards for her pupils and adopted unorthodox teaching methods. She relied on such traditional methods as memorization, and to inspire her students to read she assigned them classic texts that others considered too challenging. In 1975 Collins left the Chicago school system to found the private Daniel Hale Williams Westside Preparatory School. With financial assistance from the government-funded Alternative Schools Network, she began with four students; within a year enrollment had increased to 20 students, most of whom were considered uneducable by the standards of Chicago public schools. In 1979 Westside Prep gained national prominence following a story and interview with Collins on the television news show 60 Minutes. Highly laudatory coverage followed in such magazines as Time, Jet, Newsweek, and Black Enterprise. In 1981 CBS aired The Marva Collins Story. Collins refused several offers for powerful positions, including U.S. secretary of education and superintendent of the Los Angeles school system, choosing to remain with her school. In 1982 an educational magazine accused Collins of inflating test scores; she was also charged with plagiarism, harassing parents about tuition payments, and fueling right-wing attacks on public education. Despite the controversy, she retained many supporters and began a teacher-training program to impart her methods to other inner-city teachers. Collins later resigned her position at the school but continued working with the Westside Prep staff and traveled widely to promote her ideas. She recounts her career in Marva Collins' Way (1982, reissued 1990), written with Civia Tamarkin.