COOKWORTHY, WILLIAM

born April 12, 1705, Kingsbridge, Devonshire, Eng. died Oct. 17, 1780, Plymouth, Devonshire china manufacturer who first produced an English true hard-paste porcelain similar to that of the Chinese and Germans. Cookworthy was apprenticed at 14 to a London apothecary, who later set him up in a business, Bevans and Cookworthy, at Plymouth. He became interested in china manufacture about 1745, when he was visited by the American china maker Andrew Duch of Georgia. The first soft-paste (artificial) porcelain factories were established about this time. A few years later he discovered the only English source of china clay (kaolin) and china stone (petuntse) at St. Austell in Cornwall. After many years of experiment with these materials, he finally learned the secret of hard porcelain, obtained a patent (1768), and established the Plymouth China factory.