COORNHERT, DIRCK VOLCKERTSZOON

born 1522, Amsterdam died Oct. 29, 1590, Gouda, Neth. Dutch poet, translator, playwright, and moralist who set down Humanist values for the first time in the vernacular. His clear, unpretentious prose style contrasted with that of the contemporary Rederijkers (rhetoricians) and served as a model to the great 17th-century Dutch writers. His book of songs Liedekens (1575) shows his determination to choose a form for the content and not vice versa. Coornhert settled in Haarlem as an engraver on copper. Holding positions in the city's government, he threw himself into the struggle against Spanish rule and drew up the manifesto of William of Orange (1566). He was imprisoned at The Hague (1568) but escaped to Cleves. Although he was recalled to Haarlem in 1572, his aversion to warfare led him back to Cleves, where he continued in William's employ. Coornhert published Dutch translations of Cicero, Seneca, and Boethius. His translation of the OdysseyDe dolinghe van Ulyss (1561)was the first great work of the Dutch early Renaissance. Here Coornhert's powers of imagery and sensuous description are fully evident, while in his original poetry the religioushumanistic intent precludes any stress on figurative language. All his works testify to his belief in a loving God. His dramas are allegorical and didactic: the Comedie van Isral (1575) attacks the worldly, hypocritical Netherlands of his time. Coornhert stood for toleration and opposed capital punishment for heretics. His best known prose work is the moralist tract De wellevenskunste (1586; The Polite Art), in which he holds that the true path can be found only through spiritual love.