CROTHERS, RACHEL

born Dec. 12, 1878, Bloomington, Ill., U.S. died July 5, 1958, Danbury, Conn. American playwright whose works reflected the position of women in American society more accurately than those of any other dramatist of her time. Crothers graduated from the Illinois State Normal School (now Illinois State University) in 1892, then studied dramatic art in Boston and New York City, and for a time she appeared with various theatrical companies in New York City. A few minor, one-act efforts at playwriting preceded her first full-length Broadway play, The Three of Us (1906); the play was a highlight of the season. For the next three decades, until Susan and God (1937), she maintained the extraordinary average of one Broadway play a year, the majority of them popular and critical successes. Her accomplishment was made the more remarkable by the fact that she cast, produced, and directed nearly all her plays herself. Crothers chronicled, sometimes seriously, more often humorously, such timely problems as the double standard (A Man's World, 1909), trial marriage (Young Wisdom, 1914), the problem of the younger generation (Nice People, 1921), Freudianism (Expressing Willie, 1924), and divorce (As Husbands Go, 1931; When Ladies Meet, 1932). These and other successes were marked by simplicity of plot, happy endings, and expert dialogue, which featured shrewdly combined instruction and amusement. Her comedies always advocated sanity and moderation. The best and most instructive statement of her dramatic theory is to be found in her essay The Construction of a Play, collected in The Art of Playwriting (1928). During World War I Crothers founded the Stage Women's Relief Fund, and in 1932 she helped found the Stage Relief Fund, of which she remained a director until 1951. In 1940 she led in organizing the American Theatre Wing, which operated the famed Stage Door Canteen, and remained its executive director until 1950.