EDGEWORTH, RICHARD LOVELL

born May 31, 1744, Bath, Somerset, Eng. died June 13, 1817, Edgeworthstown, County Longford, Ire. Anglo-Irish inventor and educationalist who had a dominant influence on the novels of his daughter Maria Edgeworth. An estate owner in Ireland, Edgeworth did much to improve the conditions of his tenantry by land reclamation and road-improvement schemes. In 1798, when the French landed an expeditionary force in Ireland, he organized a troop of yeomanry to fight them. In 1802 he took his family to Paris and was received in scientific and literary circles. In 1806 he joined a commission of inquiry into Irish education, and from 1807 he worked on his autobiography. Edgeworth's remarkable powers of mechanical invention are attested by his attempt at telegraphic communication, possibly the first, the creation of various sailing carriages, a velocipede (cycle), a perambulator (landmeasuring machine), a turnip cutter, a one-wheeled chaise, and a phaeton (a four-wheeled open carriage). Practical Education, written in collaboration with his daughter, was inspired by the French-Swiss moralist Jean-Jacques Rousseau and by one of Edgeworth's wives, Honora. The book argued that children should be given a strong motive to learn and that the pace should be adjusted to the child's age and ability. Edgeworth discouraged learning by rote, arguing that while some things require sustained effort, others can be learned through play; children should thus be given toys that stimulate them to productive activity. Four times married, Edgeworth had 22 children.