GABRIELI, ANDREA

born c. 1510, 20, Venice died , late 1586, Venice also called Andrea Di Cannaregio, Cannareggio, or Canareggio Italian Renaissance composer and organist, known for his madrigals and his large-scale choral and instrumental music for public ceremonies. His finest work was composed for the acoustic resources of the Cathedral of St. Mark in Venice. He was the uncle of Giovanni Gabrieli. He was born in the Canareggio quarter of Venice, but nothing is known about Andrea Gabrieli until 1536, when he became a singer at St. Mark's Cathedral and a pupil of its music director, the great Franco-Flemish composer Adriaan Willaert. From Willaert he learned the art of writing polyphonic motets and in particular that of composing for separated choirs placed in different parts of the church with consequent stereophonic effect. It is possible that Andrea was a singer at Verona cathedral around 1550. In 1558 he became organist at the church of S. Geremia in Venice but soon left for an extended period of foreign travel. He served in the Bavarian court chapel at Munich under another great Franco-Fleming, Orlando di Lasso, then visited the court of Graz in Austria, and finally was patronized by the noble Fugger family in Augsburg. In 1564 he returned to Venice to become second organist at St. Mark's, where he remained until 1584, when he succeeded the virtuoso performer Claudio Merulo as first organista position he held until his death in 1586. Despite his profession, not much of his output in these years was organ music; there were several volumes of madrigals, socially enjoyable settings of Italian poetry to be sung at private houses or cultural academies, where musical life flourished. And there was the large-scale choral and instrumental music for ceremonies of church and state, for which Andrea is best-known today. His motets and masses exploit the tonal variety possible when instruments are added to a choir. Some of these works were published posthumously in 1587: one of the finest is the Magnificat for three choirs and orchestra, doubtless intended to be performed in St. Mark's. Major Works: Madrigals for three to six voices in various collections; masses in six parts, Primus liber missarum (1572); Magnificat for three choirs; motets; various ricercari and canzoni.