GOSHO HEINOSUKE

born Feb. 1, 1902, Tokyo died May 1, 1981, Shizuoka, Japan Japanese motion-picture director and writer famous for films concerning the everyday lives of middle-class people. He is also noted for adapting Japanese literary works to the screen and for his creative use of silence in sound pictures, subtle pictorial symbols, and rapid sequences of scenes. After graduating from Keio University in Tokyo, he became an assistant director at the Shochiku Motion Picture Company in Tokyo. Within two years he was an independent director. In 1927, at the age of 25, he directed his first commercial success, Sabishiki ranbo-mono (The Lonely Roughneck). Gosho's Madamu to nyobo (The Neighbour's Wife and Mine, 1931), the first important Japanese talking picture, was a film about the home lives of white-collar workers in which he handled both silence and sound in a truly cinematic manner. After 1950 he helped to raise this genre to its highest expression in pictures that won international recognition at film festivals throughout the world; e.g., Entotsu no miero basho (1953; Where Chimneys Are Seen), Kiiroi karasu (1957; The Yellow Crow), Maria of the Ant Village (1958), and When Woman Loves (1960). He portrayed the hopes and despairs of everyday life with a simplicity of style that made his films realistic statements about life in modern Japan. Throughout his career Gosho translated into the cinematic medium, with artistic results, such Japanese literary works as Ikitoshi ikerumono (1934; Everything That Lives), Osaka no yado (1954; An Inn at Osaka), and Take kurabe (1955; Growing Up).