GRAHAMSTOWN

Afrikaans Grahamstad, city, Eastern Cape province, South Africa. The city lies on the wooded slopes of the Suur Mountains near the source of the Kowie River. It was founded (1812) by Colonel John Graham as a frontier garrison post near Xhosa territory, and British settlers arrived in 1820. The city contains many memorials to the Kaffir Wars (Cape Frontier Wars), which were fought in the vicinity. Grahamstown is noted for its religious architecture, especially the Anglican Cathedral of St. Michael and St. George, which has a 150-foot (46-metre) spire and includes part of the original church (1824-30); St. Patrick's Roman Catholic Church (1836); and the first Baptist and Methodist chapels in South Africa. Grahamstown is also the site of Rhodes University (1904), the 1820 Settlers Memorial Museum (1965) and Nature Reserve, several important public and private schools, the Albany Museum (1855), a public library with a collection of rare 19th-century South African books, and the Leather Research Institute. Inc. city, 1950. Pop. (1985) 19,188.