HARTMANN, (CARL) SADAKICHI

born Nov. 8, 1869, Nagasaki, Japan died Nov. 21, 1944, St. Petersburg, Fla., U.S. American art critic, novelist, poet, and man of letters. Born of a German father and Japanese mother, Hartmann came to the United States as a boy and developed an interest in the theatre and the visual arts. He became a naturalized citizen in 1894. Acquainted with many of the major artistic and literary figures in Europe and the United States, he was quick to appreciate the importance of French Symbolism and became friends with Stphane Mallarm. A prolific writer for Boston and New York City newspapers in the 1880s and '90s, he started the Art Critic in 1893, wrote Symbolist dramas, lectured, and became a disciple of the American photographer Alfred Stieglitz, writing about photography with the same zeal as about art. Hartmann published History of American Art, 2 vol. (1901; rev. ed., 1938), and many other works advocating recognition of avant-garde artistic figures and developments. The Hartmann archives are at the University of California, Riverside, where a number of his out-of-print volumes have been edited for republication. They include Composition in Portraiture (1909, 1973) and Landscape and Figure Composition (1910, 1973), both under the pseudonym Sidney Allen; Conversations with Walt Whitman (1895, 1972), under the pseudonym Sadakichi; Shakespeare in Art (1901, 1973) and Japanese Art (1904, 1971); and The Valiant Knights of Daguerre (1978), a collection of Hartmann's critical essays and biographical studies.