JAGANNATHA

(Sanskrit: Lord of the World), form under which the Hindu god Krishna is worshiped at Puri, Orissa, one of the most famous religious centres of India, and at Ballabhpur, a suburb of Shrirampur, West Bengal. The 12th-century temple of Jagannatha in Puri towers above the town. In its sanctuary, roughhewn wooden images represent Jagannatha, his brother Balabhadra (Balarama), and his sister Subhadra. Some scholars suggest Buddhist influence in the threefold nature of the temple image. Modern representations made in Puri of the 10 avatars (incarnations) of Vishnu often show Jagannatha as one of the 10 in place of the more usually accepted Buddha. The most important of the numerous yearly festivals is the Chariot Festival (Rathayatra), which takes place on the second day of the bright fortnight of Asadha (JuneJuly). The image is placed in a wagon so heavy that the efforts of hundreds of devotees are required to move it, and it is dragged through deep sand to the country house of the god. The journey takes several days, and thousands of pilgrims participate. Reports of these processions in the past have been much exaggerated, although accidents are common and occasionally a frenzied pilgrim attempts to throw himself under the wagon. The English word juggernaut, with its connotation of a force crushing whatever is in its path, is derived from this festival.