JUBILEE, YEAR OF

also called Holy Year, in the Roman Catholic church, a celebration that is observed on certain special occasions and for 1 year every 25 years, under certain conditions, when a special indulgence is granted to members of the faith by the pope and confessors are given special faculties, including the lifting of censures. It resembles the Old Testament Jubileein which, every 50 years, the Hebrews celebrated a year of perfect rest, emancipated slaves, and restored hereditary propertybut does not seem to be based on it. Pope Boniface VIII established the Holy Year in 1300 as a centenary observance. In 1342 Clement VI reduced the interval to 50 years, and in 1470 Paul II further reduced it to 25 years. The year begins on Christmas Eve, with the opening of the Holy Doors at the Roman basilicas of St. Peter, St. John Lateran, St. Paul Outside-the-Walls, and St. Mary Major, and ends with their closing on the following Christmas Eve. Since 1500 the Jubilee has been extended to the whole world during the year following the Holy Year, and certain churches in each diocese are designated for visitation. Since at least 1560, special jubilees have been declared. That year the occasion was the Council of Trent, for which the guidance of the Holy Spirit was invoked. Special jubilees have been declared for a pope's 50th anniversary in the priesthood (Pope Pius XI, 1929), at the close of the second Vatican Council (1965) to promote the knowledge and application of the council's achievements, and on many other occasions.