JUXON, WILLIAM

born 1582, probably Chichester, Sussex, Eng. died June 4, 1663, London archbishop of Canterbury and minister to King Charles I on the scaffold. As lord high treasurer, Juxon was the last English clergyman to hold both secular and clerical offices in the medieval tradition of clerical state service. A student of law at St. John's College, Oxford, Juxon turned to theology and was ordained a priest before 1615, when he became rector of St. Giles, Oxford. In 1621 he succeeded his friend William Laud as president of St. John's and later was vice chancellor of the university. He soon became chaplain to Charles I, was made dean of Worcester in 1627, and in 1632 was nominated bishop of Hereford. In 1633, however, he was made bishop of London instead, again succeeding Laud. Juxon was appointed by Charles in 1636 as lord high treasurer, a post last held by a cleric in Henry VII's reign (14851509). Resigning his post in 1641, Juxon continued to advise the king during the Civil War, which began the next year and ended in 1648 with Charles's defeat. The following January, Charles was executed, with Juxon the only priest to accompany him to the scaffold. The same year, Juxon was deprived of his bishopric by Oliver Cromwell and went into retirement. On the restoration of Charles II in 1660 he was named archbishop of Canterbury, a position he held until his death. His memoirs were published in 1869 (edited by W.H. Marah).