KOREA, HISTORY OF

history of the peninsula from prehistoric times to the 1953 armistice ending the Korean War. For later developments, see Korea, North, history of; and Korea, South, history of. Additional reading Broad overviews include Gregory Henderson, Korea: The Politics of the Vortex (1968), containing rich historical data on both traditional and contemporary Korean society; Han Woo-keun (U-gun Han), The History of Korea, ed. by Grafton K. Mintz (1970, reprinted 1988; originally published in Korean, 1970), with coverage to 1960; William E. Henthorn, A History of Korea (1971), covering antiquity to the 19th century; Ki-baik Lee (Ki-baek Yi), A New History of Korea, trans. from Korean (1984), which begins with prehistory and ends with the April 1960 revolution; Andrew C. Nahm, Korea: Tradition & Transformation (1988), and Introduction to Korean History and Culture (1993), both with emphasis on the modern period covering North and South Korea; Carter J. Eckert et al., Korea, Old and New (1990); and Robert T. Oliver, A History of the Korean People in Modern Times: 1800 to the Present (1993).Korea's early history is detailed in a work edited by Jeong-hak Kim (Chong-hak Kim), The Prehistory of Korea, trans. from Japanese (1978); and in Martina Deuchler, The Confucian Transformation of Korea: A Study of Society and Ideology (1992). Various periods and events in 19th-century Korea are dealt with in Key-hiuk Kim, The Last Phase of the East Asian World Order: Korea, Japan, and the Chinese Empire, 18601882 (1980), an incisive study of Korea's traditional foreign relations and the end of the Sino-centric world order; James B. Palais, Politics and Policy in Traditional Korea (1975, reissued 1991), a thorough analysis of Yi dynasty politics and economy covering the period 186476; Martina Deuchler, Confucian Gentlemen and Barbarian Envoys: The Opening of Korea, 18751885 (1977); George Alexander Lensen, Balance of Intrigue: International Rivalry in Korea & Manchuria, 18841899, 2 vol. (1982); Vipan Chandra, Imperialism, Resistance, and Reform in Late Nineteenth-Century Korea: Enlightenment and the Independence Club (1988); and Homer B. Hulbert, The Passing of Korea (1906, reprinted with a new foreword, 1969), showing how Korea was deprived of its sovereignty toward the end of the 19th century amid the conflict of the great powers in Korea.The country's history in the 20th century is chronicled in Chong-sik Lee, The Politics of Korean Nationalism (1963), a comprehensive study of the nationalist movement during Japanese colonial rule; Andrew J. Grajdanzev (Andrew J. Grad), Modern Korea (1944, reprinted 1978), a critique of Japanese imperial rule in Korea; Carter J. Eckert, Offspring of Empire: The Koch'ang Kims and the Colonial Origins of Korean Capitalism, 18761945 (1991), a well-written study arguing that Korean capitalism first arose during the colonial period; Michael Edson Robinson, Cultural Nationalism in Colonial Korea, 19201925 (1988); Soon Sung Cho, Korea in World Politics, 19401950: An Evaluation of American Responsibility (1967), an analysis of events in Korea during the turbulent decade from World War II to the start of the Korean War; and Bruce Cumings, The Origins of the Korean War, 2 vol. (198190), a most influential work on the background of the Korean War from a revisionist viewpoint. Glenn D. Paige, The Korean Decision, June 2430, 1950 (1968), recounts in detail the U.S. decision to intervene in Korea in 1950. David Rees, Korea: The Limited War (1964), is one of the best books dealing with the war. Young Ick Lew