KRUGER, PAUL

born Oct. 10, 1825, Cradock district, Cape Colony died July 14, 1904, Clarens, Switz. original name Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger, byname Oom (Uncle) Paul farmer, soldier, and statesman, noted in South African history as the builder of the Afrikaner nation. He was president of the Transvaal, or South African Republic, from 1883 until his flight to Europe in 1900, after the outbreak of the South African (Boer) War. Additional reading C.T. Gordon, The Growth of Boer Opposition to Kruger, 189095 (1970), is based on original research, stressing important aspects of Kruger's policy. Johannes Stephanus Marais, The Fall of Kruger's Republic (1961), deals with British policy vis--vis Kruger and his republic up to the eve of the South African War, 18991902.