LEMERCIER, JACQUES

born 1585, Pontoise, Fr. died June 4, 1654, Paris Lemercier also spelled Le Mercier French architect who, along with Franois Mansart and Louis Le Vau, defined French classical architecture. Lemercier belonged to a famous family of builders. For several years between 1607 and 1614 he was in Rome, where he probably studied with Rosato Rosati, whose Church of San Carlo ai Catinari was Lemercier's model for the Church of the Sorbonne, in Paris. Following his completion of the Church of l'Oratoire (1616; begun by C. Mtezeau), Lemercier became recognized as the new master of classicism in France. He was commissioned by Louis XIII to carry out the enlargement of the old Louvre courtyard (now the Cour Carre), planned by Pierre Lescot, and to this purpose he built the Pavillon de l'Horloge and the adjoining wings to the north. The rich ornament and complex proportions of the Pavillon de l'Horloge make it one of his most successful buildings. The Cardinal de Richelieu soon became his patron, and Lemercier built for him the Palais-Cardinal, subsequently renamed the Palais Royal, in Paris (1629). The theatre of the Palais was one of the first structures in France built exclusively for theatrical use. It was also for Richelieu that Lemercier built the Church of the Sorbonne (begun 1626), perhaps the earliest French building to have a dome set on a high drum. The most ambitious project carried out for his patron was the design of a chteau and surrounding town at Richelieu in Indre-et-Loire (begun 1631; now mostly destroyed). In 1646 Lemercier took over the completion of Franois Mansart's Church of the Val-de-Grce in Paris. The dramatic exterior of the Italianate dome that he added is regarded as a masterpiece of French classicism, as is the interior of his dome for the Sorbonne church. Lemercier died just after beginning Saint-Roch (1653), which became the principal Parisian church of the early 18th century.