CAFFIRI FAMILY

family of French sculptors and metalworkers known for their vigorous and original works in the Rococo style. The first prominent member of the family in France was Filippo Caffiri (b. 1634, Rome d. Sept. 7, 1716, Paris, Fr.), an Italian-born sculptor in the service of Louis XIV. Filippo's son Jacques (b. Aug. 25, 1678, Parisd. 1755, Paris) became a notable metalworker. He completed many works for the palace at Versailles and other royal residences from 1736 up to the time of his death. Both he and his son Philippe (b. 1714, Parisd. 1774) were famous for their designs of chandeliers, chests, andirons, and ornamental mounts for various pieces of furniture. Jacques was a master of the Rococo style, which he redeemed from triviality by his vigorous and spontaneous handling of scroll motifs and other decorative elements. Important examples of his work are at Versailles and in the Wallace Collection, London. Jacques's works bear the simple signature Caffiri, even when they represent a collaboration with his son Philippe. After his father's death, Philippe obtained many of the royal commissions formerly given to his father. Altar furniture made by him for Notre-Dame de Paris (1759) disappeared during the French Revolution, but an impressive cross and candlesticks made for the Bayeux Cathedral (1771) survive. Philippe's younger brother, Jean-Jacques Caffiri (b. April 29, 1725, Parisd. June 21, 1792, Paris), became the most famous sculptor of the family. Jean-Jacques trained under his father and won the Prix de Rome in 1748. He executed many portrait busts of famous men of the past for the Comdie-Franaise, the Bibliothque Ste.-Genevieve in Paris, and other cultural institutions. But his most interesting busts are those he sculpted from the living model. Among such portraits of his contemporaries are Rameau (1761; now destroyed), Piron (1762), and Canon Pingre (1789). These searchingly realistic and expressive character studies proved enormously popular and made Caffiri for a time a rival to the famous sculptor Jean-Antoine Houdon.