LEONARD, ELMORE

born Oct. 11, 1925, New Orleans, La., U.S. in full Elmore John Leonard, Jr. American author of popular crime novels known for his use of local colour and his uncanny ear for realistic dialogue. Leonard served in the U.S. Naval Reserve (194346), then graduated with a bachelor of philosophy degree from the University of Detroit, Michigan, in 1950. While composing scripts for advertising and educational films, he began writing western novels and short stories. The 1957 films 3:10 to Yuma and The Tall T were based on his novelettes, and Leonard's novel Hombre (1961) was also adapted for film in 1967. He made a transition to the crime novel with the publication in 1969 of The Big Bounce. Having found his niche, Leonard produced a series of novels set primarily in Detroit and Florida. These usually featured working-class protagonists; dumb, larcenous ne'er-do-wells; piggish, sweaty villains; violent, out-of-control, sex-crazed brutes; and women in distress. Leonard's villains are particularly colourful, while his protagonists, whether policemen, civilians, or honest criminals, provide his stories' moral focus. Among his outstanding crime novels of the 1970s are Fifty-two Pickup (1974; filmed as The Ambassador, 1984, and 52 Pickup, 1986), Swag (1976; also published as Ryan's Rules), Unknown Man No. 89 (1977), and The Switch (1978). His novel Stick (1983; filmed 1985) became a best-seller. His subsequent novels include LaBrava (1983), Glitz (1985; filmed for television 1988), Bandits (1987), Freaky Deaky (1988), and Rum Punch (1992). Get Shorty (1990) and Out of Sight (1996) were both also made into films.