LESTER, RICHARD

born January 19, 1932, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. American filmmaker who successfully transferred the fast-cut stream-of-consciousness style of television commercials to the big screen. A piano prodigy, Lester continued his musical activities while pursuing a psychology degree at the University of Pennsylvania. He traveled to Europe in 1954, ostensibly as a roving correspondent for a newspaper syndicate, and paid his way by playing guitar and piano. Within a year he was at London's Independent Television studios, again as a composer and director. He hosted his own one-shot Dick Lester Show in 1956, which though a disaster led to a series of choice directorial assignments on the various television projects of The Goon Show cocreators Spike Milligan and Peter Sellers. Also during this period, he began directing commercials, an activity to which he would periodically return throughout his career. While working on Milligan's TV series A Show Named Fred, he provided frantic, non sequitur filmed segments. These came to fruition in his theatrical-film directorial debut, The Running, Jumping and Standing Still Film (1959), which featured Milligan and Sellers in a series of surreal sketches and sight gags. Lester graduated to features with It's Trad, Dad! (1962), a low-budget capitalization on Britain's then current traditional jazz craze. When he helmed his first studio-financed film, The Mouse on the Moon, the following year, he continued to rely upon working methods he had honed for television, including the cost-saving use of multiple cameras. Because of this work, Lester was chosen to direct the Beatles' first film, A Hard Day's Night (1964). Though tightly scripted by Alun Owen, the film possessed a charmingly spontaneous, improvisational energy that not only encapsulated the dizzy euphoria of Beatlemania but influenced moviemaking in general during the 1960s. Described by critic Andrew Sarris as the Citizen Kane of jukebox musicals, A Hard Day's Night was followed by another enjoyable Beatles-Lester collaboration, Help! (1965). With the exception of Petulia (1968), a comparatively straightforward account of an extramarital affair in contemporary San Francisco, Lester's other 1960s moviesthe swinging London spoof The Knack (1965), the Broadway adaptation A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (1966), the wickedly satiric antiwar pieces How I Won the War (1967) and The Bed-Sitting Room (1969)were cut from the same stylistic cloth as the director's two Beatles pictures. His later films were more mainstream than his earlier efforts, though no less visually stunning. These included the all-star swashbucklers The Three Musketeers (1974), The Four Musketeers (1975), and Royal Flash (1975), the revisionist Robin and Marian (1976), the bittersweet historical romance Cuba (1979), and the lavish comic-book derivations Superman II (1980) and Superman III (1983). After The Return of the Musketeers (1989), Lester virtually retired from filmmaking, reportedly disheartened by the on-set accidental death of his longtime colleague comic actor Roy Kinnear. He was briefly coaxed back to work by former Beatle Paul McCartney, who engaged the director's services for the concert feature Get Back (1991). Additional reading Andrew Yule, The Man Who Framed the Beatles: A Biography of Richard Lester (1994).