LITKE, FYODOR PETROVICH, COUNT

(Graf) born Sept. 17 [Sept. 28, New Style], 1797, St. Petersburg, Russia died Oct. 8 , 1882, St. Petersburg Russian explorer and geographer who explored the Arctic and who exerted a considerable influence on Russian science in general and geography in particular. In 1812 Litke joined the imperial navy, participating in a voyage around the world (181719). During the four summers of 182124, he mapped the west coast of Novaya Zemlya, an archipelago in the Russian Arctic, conducted the first scientific exploration there, and also studied the adjacent southwestern part of the Barents Sea. In 182629 he again circumnavigated the world on a scientific expedition in the sloop Senyavin, conducting surveys and gathering scientific collections in the Bering Strait and in the western Pacific on the Bonin and Caroline islands. In 1845 he helped to found the Russian Geographical Society, which he headed until 1873, except for the years 185057. He wrote accounts of each of his major expeditions.