LONGVIEW

city, Cowlitz county, southwestern Washington, U.S., at the confluence of the Cowlitz River with the Columbia, 50 miles (80 km) north of Portland, Ore. A planned community, it was founded in 1922 by R.A. Long of the Long-Bell Lumber Company on the site of old Monticello, where a convention met to seek creation of Washington Territory in 1852. Longview was developed as one of the world's great lumber centres; it maintains paper, wood, aluminum, paint, and food-processing industries. Its deepwater port also serves the adjoining city of Kelso. Lower Columbia College was established there in 1934. Inc. 1924. Pop. (1990) 31,499. city, seat (1871) of Gregg county, eastern Texas, U.S., near the Sabine River, 65 miles (105 km) west of Shreveport, La. It is the centre of a metropolitan and industrial area that includes Marshall, Kilgore, and Gladewater. The area was settled in the early 19th century and was developed after 1850 by planters. The townsite was named in 1870 by surveyors for the Texas and Pacific Railroad, who were impressed by the long-distance view. Incorporated in 1872, the community became a trading centre for beef cattle, hogs, and horses raised in the river valley. The discovery of oil in the 1930s ushered in a period of industrial expansion and rapid population growth. The city, characterized by its great concentration of oil derricks, is a business focus for the extensive East Texas oil field and has oil refineries and pipelines, machine shops, breweries, and food-processing plants. Manufactures include steel, transportation, farm, and earth-moving equipment, aircraft components, and clothing. Institutions include the Caddo Indian Museum and LeTourneau University (1946). Lake Cherokee (impounded on Cherokee Bayou for flood control, irrigation, and recreation) is 12 miles south. Pop. (1990) city, 70,311; Longview-Marshall MSA, 193,801; (1994 est.) city, 73,265; (1995 est.) Longview-Marshall MSA, 203,949.