LUZI, MARIO

born Oct. 20, 1914, Castello, near Florence, Italy Italian poet and literary critic who emerged from the Hermetic movement to become one of the most notable poets of the 20th century. His complex, meditative verse deals with turbulence and change. Luzi published his first book of verse, La barca (1935; The Ship), before graduating from the University of Florence (D.Ph., 1936). He then began writing for literary journals while teaching, mainly at the Universities of Florence and Urbino. Like La barca, the collections Avvento notturno (1940; Nocturnal Advent) and Un brindisi (1946; A Toast) have elements of Hermeticism. Perhaps in response to postwar realism, he abandoned symbolism for direct language and existential themes in the volumes Quaderno gotico (1947; Gothic Notebook), Primizie del deserto (1952; First Fruits of the Desert), and Onore del vero (1957; Honour of Truth). Luzi's later verse, with its dramatic dialogues and ruminations on change, was typified by the collection Nel magma (1963; enlarged 1966; In the Magma). His other volumes of poetry include Dal fondo delle campagne (1965; From the Bottom of the Field), Su fondamenti invisibli (1971; On Invisible Foundations), Al fuoco della controversia (1978; At the Fire of Controversy), Per il battesimo dei nostri frammenti (1985; For the Baptism of Our Fragments), and Frasi e incisi di un canto salutare (1990; Phrases and Digressions of a Salutary Song). Luzi was also noted for his translations of French and English literature. In addition, he wrote L'inferno e il limbo (1949; enlarged 1964; Hell and Limbo), a book of essays, and the verse drama Ipazia (1972).