MAHFOUZ, NAGUIB

born Dec. 11, 1911, Cairo, Egypt Naguib Mahfouz on his daily walk through Cairo, 1988. also spelled Najib Mahfuz Egyptian novelist and screenplay writer who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1988, the first Arabic writer to be so honoured. The son of a civil servant, Mahfouz attended Cairo University and worked in the cultural section of the Egyptian civil service from 1934 until his retirement in 1971. His early novels, such as Radubis (1943; Radobis), were set in ancient Egypt, but he had turned to describing modern Egyptian society by the time he began his major work, Al-Thulathiyya (195657), known as The Cairo Trilogy. Its three novels depict the lives of three generations of different families in Cairo from World War I until after the 1952 military coup that overthrew King Farouk. The trilogy provides a penetrating overview of 20th-century Egyptian thought, attitudes, and social change. In subsequent works Mahfouz offered critical views of the old Egyptian monarchy, British colonialism, and contemporary Egypt. Several of his more notable novels deal with social issues involving women and political prisoners. His novel Awlad haratina (1959; Children of the Alley) was banned in Egypt for a time because of its controversial treatment of religion and its use of characters based on Muhammad, Moses, and other figures. His other better-known novels include Al-Liss wa-al-Kilab (1961; The Thief and the Dogs), Al-Shahhadh (1965; The Beggar), and Miramar (1967; Miramar). His achievements as a short-story writer are demonstrated in the collection Dunya Allah (1963; God's World). Mahfouz wrote some 40 novels and short-story collections, as well as more than 30 screenplays and several plays. Additional reading Mahfouz's life and work are discussed in Matti Moosa, The Early Novels of Naguib Mahfouz (1994), covering works though 1959; and Rasheed El-Enany, Naguib Mahfouz: The Pursuit of Meaning (1993), treating also subsequent works. Michael Beard and Adnan Haydar (eds.), Naguib Mahfouz: From Regional Fame to Global Recognition (1993), collects analyses of his works.