MARQUAND, J(OHN) P(HILLIPS)

born Nov. 10, 1893, Wilmington, Del., U.S. died July 16, 1960, Newburyport, Mass. U.S. novelist who recorded the shifting patterns of middle and upper class U.S. society in the mid-20th century. Marquand grew up in New York City and suburban Rye in comfortable circumstances until his father's business failure, when he was sent to live with relatives in Newburyport. This experience of reduced status and securitysharpened by attending Harvard on a scholarship obtained by agreeing to study a subject he despised (chemistry)made him acutely conscious of social gradations and their psychological corollaries. After about 15 years devoted to writing popular fiction, including the widely read adventures of the Japanese intelligence agent Mr. Moto, Marquand wrote his three most characteristic novels, satirical but sympathetic studies of a crumbling New England gentility: The Late George Apley (1937), Wickford Point (1939), and H.M. Pulham, Esquire (1941), in which a conforming Bostonian renounces romantic love for duty. He wrote three novels dealing with the dislocations of wartime AmericaSo Little Time (1943), Repent in Haste (1945), and B.F.'s Daughter (1946)but in these his social perceptions were somewhat less keen. He came back to his most able level of writing in his next novel, Point of No Return (1949), a painstakingly accurate social study of a New England town much like Newburyport. Two social types particularly important in the 1950s were depicted in Melville Goodwin, U.S.A. (1951), about a professional soldier, and Sincerely, Willis Wayde (1955), a sharply satiric portrait of a big business promoter. His last important novel, Women and Thomas Harrow (1958), is about a successful playwright and is partly autobiographical.