MCCORMICK, ANNE ELIZABETH O'HARE

born May 16, 1882, Wakefield, Yorkshire, Eng. died May 29, 1954, New York, N.Y., U.S. English-born American journalist who gained a considerable reputation as a New York Times foreign correspondent and became the first woman member of the editorial board of the Times. McCormick was taken by her parents to the United States in early childhood and attended the academy and college of St. Mary of the Springs in Columbus, Ohio. After a time as associate editor of the Catholic Universe Weekly she became a freelance writer, contributing poems and articles to Smart Set, Atlantic Monthly, and other magazines. In 1920 she traveled to Europe and began submitting dispatches to The New York Times; in 1922 she became a regular correspondent. Her reports on political crises and developments, especially the rise of fascism in Italy and the emergence of Benito Mussolini, established McCormick as one of the most perspicacious observers on the European continent. She traveled widely and frequently and seemed to many colleagues to have an uncanny knack for arriving at the scene of major stories as they were breaking. Leading European figures whom she interviewed, with a keen perception of personality, included Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Sir Neville Chamberlain, Joseph Stalin, Sir Winston Churchill, Lon Blum, Gustav Stresemann, Eamon de Valera, Edvard Benes, and Kurt von Schuschnigg. Her book The Hammer and the Scythe: Communist Russia Enters the Second Decade (1928) was widely praised. McCormick's dispatches to the Times at length earned her a regular bylined column called In Europe and later Abroad. In 1936 she became the first woman to sit on the editorial board of the Times, a post that required her to write two unsigned pieces weekly for the paper's editorial page. The following year she became the first woman to win a Pulitzer Prize for journalism when she was chosen for the award for foreign correspondence, and this was the first of many awards and honours. She later served as a U.S. delegate to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; 1946 and 1948) and was elected to the National Institute of Arts and Letters (1947). Two volumes of her New York Times pieces were edited posthumously by Marion T. Sheehan as The World at Home (1956) and Vatican Journal, 19211954 (1957).