MINNESOTA, UNIVERSITY OF

state university system consisting of four coeducational campuses. The main branch, the Twin Cities campus, occupies both banks of the Mississippi River at Minneapolis and St. Paul. It is a land-grant university that offers comprehensive undergraduate, graduate, and professional programs within 21 colleges, schools, and institutes. It is noted for its postgraduate programs in medicine and law, as well as for its undergraduate programs in chemical engineering, medical technology, geography, economics, psychology, and architecture. It is also a major research institution, featuring over 100 research facilities and a library with more than 4.5 million volumes. A campus at Duluth includes seven schools and colleges, including a school of medicine. It has facilities for research in natural resources, clinical biochemistry and toxicology, and neurocommunication. Other campuses are at Crookston, which offers associate and bachelor's degree programs, and Morris, which stresses liberal arts programs and offers only bachelor's degrees. There are about 49,000 students and 5,300 faculty members within the University of Minnesota system. The founding of the University of Minnesota as a preparatory school in 1851 predates the creation of the state itself in 1858. At the outset, students (both male and female) were taught on a sporadic basis until the school was closed during the American Civil War. The school received land-grant status following the Morrill Act of 1862 and reopened in 1869. Medicine and law were taught from 1888. In 1915 William James Mayo and his brother Charles Horace Mayo helped establish the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research at Rochester as part of the University of Minnesota Graduate School. The Duluth campus was founded in 1947, and its medical school was established in 1969 and opened in 1972. The campus at Morris originated in 1887 as a boarding school for American Indians and later became an agricultural school; it joined the state university system in 1960. The Crookston campus, founded as a residential agricultural high school in 1905, joined the system in 1965.