OREGON CITY

seat (1843) of Clackamas county, northwestern Oregon, U.S., at Willamette Falls (40 feet high) and the juncture of the Clackamas and Willamette rivers. It forms part of a tri-city complex, just southeast of Portland, that includes Gladstone and West Linn. In 182930 John McLoughlin of the Hudson's Bay Company settled the site at an Indian village on a narrow plain backed by high cliffs. His house (184546) is preserved as a national historic site. Laid out in 1842 and incorporated in 1849, Oregon City became the first territorial capital. It flourished as a supply point during the California gold rush and published (1846) one of the first newspapers (Oregon Spectator) west of the Mississippi River. Locks now bypass the falls, which supply power for paper and woolen mills. Dairying, fruit growing, and tourism are further economic factors. A free municipal elevator (built 1915, replaced 1955) lifts pedestrians 90 feet (27 m) from the river (business) to the cliff (residential) sections of the city. Clackamas Community College was opened there in 1966. Oregon City was the birthplace of poet Edwin Markham (18521940). Pop. (1990) 14,698.