PAINTER, WILLIAM

born c. 1540 died February 1594, London, Eng. English author whose collection of tales The Palace of Pleasure, based on classical and Italian originals, served as a sourcebook for many Elizabethan dramatists. Educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, Painter was ordained in 1560. In 1561 he became a clerk of the ordnance in the Tower of London, a position in which he appears to have amassed a fortune out of public funds. In 1591 his son Anthony confessed that he and his father had abused their trust, but Painter retained his office until his death. The first volume of The Palace of Pleasure, which appeared in 1566, contained 60 tales. It was followed in the next year by a volume including 34 new stories. An improved edition (1575) contained seven more new stories. To its popularity, and that of similar collections, is due the high proportion of Elizabethan plays with Italian settings. The early tragedies Appius and Virginia, a Tragedy, by John Webster, and The Tragedy of Tancred and Gismund, by Robert Wilmot, were taken from Painter's book, and it was also the source for William Shakespeare's Timon of Athens and All's Well That Ends Well (and probably for details in Romeo and Juliet and The Rape of Lucrece), for Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher's Triumph of Death, and for James Shirley's Loves Crueltie.