PARALLEL BARS

Dimensions of the parallel bars gymnastic apparatus invented in the early 19th century by the German Friedrich Jahn, usually considered the father of gymnastics. It is especially useful in improving upper-body strength. The two bars, made of wood, are oval in cross section, 0.05 metres (2 inches) thick, 3.5 m (11 feet 6 inches) long, 1.75 m (5 feet 9 inches) high, and 48 cm (1 foot 7 inches) apart (see illustration). Height and width of the bars are usually adjustable. In competitive performances, for men only, movements combine swings, vaults, strength, and balance, although swings and vaults must predominate. Movements below the bars and the release and regrasping of the bars are also required. See also uneven parallel bars. The parallel bars have been part of the Olympic program for gymnastics since the first modern Games in 1896.