PENN, SIR WILLIAM

born April 23, 1621, Bristol, Gloucestershire, Eng. died Sept. 16, 1670, London British admiral and father of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania. In his youth Penn served at sea, and in the English Civil Wars he fought for Parliament, being appointed rear admiral of the Irish seas in 1647. He was arrested in 1648 on suspicion of corresponding with Charles I but was soon released. He fought in the First Anglo-Dutch War (165254) as vice admiral and then as general of the fleet. After secretly offering in 1654 to deliver the fleet to the exiled Charles II, he commanded the expedition sent by Oliver Cromwell to the West Indies, which captured Jamaica (May 1655) but failed to take Hispaniola. On his return he was briefly imprisoned, for reasons that are uncertain. Retiring to his estate in Munster in Ireland, he engaged in secret communication with the Royalists. At the Restoration (1660) he was knighted and appointed a commissioner for the navy. In the Second Dutch War (166567), he served as captain of the fleet with the Duke of York (afterward James II). Penn was the author of a code of naval tactics that was the basis of the Duke of York's Sailing and Fighting Instructions, long the orthodox tactical guide of the navy.