PETAIN, PHILIPPE

Additional reading An early, brief biographical survey is found in B.H. Liddell Hart, Reputations, Ten Years After (1928, reprinted 1968). Stephen Ryan, Ptain the Soldier (1969), focuses on Ptain's career during World War I. Richard Griffiths, Marshal Ptain (1970; also published as Ptain: A Biography of Marshal Philippe Ptain of Vichy, 1972); and Herbert R. Lottman, Ptain, Hero or Traitor: The Untold Story (1985), are balanced and complete biographies. For analysis of Ptain's later years, see Robert Aron, The Vichy Regime, 1940-44 (1958, reissued 1969); Janet Flanner, Ptain: The Old Man of France (1944); and Sisley Huddleston, Ptain, Patriot or Traitor? (1951). Jules Roy, The Trial of Marshal Ptain (1967), is an account of the court proceedings of 1945. Jan Raymond Tournoux, Sons of France: Ptain and De Gaulle (1966), is a comparative analytic biography.