PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSIT

blanketlike replacement deposit of copper minerals that are disseminated throughout a large mass of fractured rock. Porphyry copper deposits commonly contain tens of millions of metric tons of ore that averages a fraction of 1 percent copper by weight; although they are low-grade, the deposits constitute important sources because they may be worked on a large scale at low cost. They have been formed by the dissemination of copper minerals in the crushed or fractured periphery of intrusive igneous bodies of such granitic rocks as quartz monzonite and diorite porphyry. Large porphyry copper deposits are worked in the southwestern United States (where molybdenum is produced as a by-product), the Solomon Islands, Canada, Peru, Chile, Mexico, and other parts of the world.