PUTNAM, HERBERT

born Sept. 20, 1861, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Aug. 14, 1955, Woods Hole, Mass. American librarian who built the Library of Congress into a world-renowned institution. Putnam graduated from Harvard in 1883 and thereafter studied law at Columbia University, being admitted to the bar in 1886. His true calling was as a librarian, however. He served as librarian of the Minneapolis Athenaeum in 188487 and of the Minneapolis Public Library in 188791. After a few years practicing law in Boston (189295), he served as librarian of the Boston Public Library from 1895 to 1899. In the latter year he was appointed librarian of the Library of Congress, and he retained this position until 1939. Putnam was primarily responsible for transforming the Library of Congress from what was little more than a reference collection for congressmen into one of the great national libraries of the world. A man of remarkable administrative talents, he greatly enlarged the library's scope and holdings and established many new library services and methods, including the publishing of bibliographies, the development of the Library of Congress system of classification, the publication of the National Union Catalog, the establishment of an interlibrary loan service and a photoduplication service, and the printing and nationwide distribution of the library's catalog cards. Many of these practices were eventually adopted by other national libraries. Putnam also served as president of the American Library Association in 1898 and 1904.