RAWLINGS, JERRY J.


Meaning of RAWLINGS, JERRY J. in English

born June 22, 1947, Accra, Ghana in full Jerry John Rawlings military and political leader in Ghana who twice (1979, 1981) overthrew the government and seized power. His second period of rule (from 1981) afforded Ghana political stability and competent economic management. Rawlings was the son of a Scottish father and a Ghanaian mother. He was educated at Achimoto College and the military academy at Teshie. He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Ghanaian Air Force in 1969 and became a flight lieutenant and expert pilot, skilled in aerobatics. In June 1979 Rawlings and other junior officers led a successful military coup with the purported aim of purging the military and public life of widespread corruption. He and his Armed Forces Revolutionary Council ruled for 112 days, during which time the former heads of state, General Ignatius Kutu Acheampong and General Fred W.K. Akuffo, were tried and executed. Rawlings then yielded power to a freely elected civilian president, Hilla Limann, who promptly retired Rawlings from the air force. Rawlings continued to be a popular figure, however; and on Dec. 31, 1981, after two years of weak civilian rule that saw the further deterioration of Ghana's economy, Rawlings overthrew Limann's government, accusing it of leading the nation down to total economic ruin. Rawlings established a Provisional National Defense Council as the new government and imprisoned Limann and some 200 other politicians. Peoples' Defense Committees were set up in neighbourhoods, as were workers' councils to monitor production in factories. When the failure of these and other populist measures had become clear by 1983, Rawlings reversed course and adopted conservative economic policies, including the dropping of subsidies and price controls in order to reduce inflation, the privatization of many state-owned companies, and currency devaluations in order to stimulate exports. These free-market measures sharply revived Ghana's economy, which by the early 1990s had one of the highest growth rates in Africa. In 1992, in the first presidential elections held in Ghana since 1979, Rawlings received almost twice as many votes as his nearest opponent.

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