REBER, GROTE

born Dec. 22, 1911, Wheaton, Ill., U.S. U.S. astronomer and radio engineer who built the first radio telescope and was largely responsible for the early development of radio astronomy, which opened an entirely new research front in the study of the universe. When a radio engineer, Karl Jansky, announced his discovery of radio signals from the stars in 1932, Reber tried to adapt his shortwave radio receiver to pick up interstellar radio waves. He failed, but in 1937 he built a bowl-shaped antenna 9.4 metres (31 feet) in diameter that served as the only radio telescope in the world until after World War II. By 1942 he had completed the first preliminary radio maps of the sky, concentrating on high-frequency shortwave signals, and discovered that in certain regions radio signals are particularly strong but apparently are unrelated to any visible celestial object. In 1947 Reber moved his radio telescope to Sterling, Va., and in Washington, D.C., he served as chief of the Experimental Microwave Research Section. In 1951 in Hawaii he built a new radio telescope and concentrated on mapping celestial sources of low-frequency long-wave signals, 5.5 to 14 metres in wavelength. In 1954 he joined the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization in Tasmania, Australia, one of the few places on the surface of the Earth at which the atmosphere is occasionally transparent to electromagnetic radiation more than 30 metres in wavelength. Although he accepted a position in 1957 at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Green Bank, W.Va., where a radio telescope 43 metres (140 feet) across had just been completed, he returned to Bothwell, Tasmania, in 1961 to help complete the mapping of sources of radio waves of 270-metre wavelength.