REDWOOD

(species Sequoia sempervirens), coniferous evergreen timber tree of the deciduous cypress family (Taxodiaceae), found in the fog belt of the coastal range from southwestern Oregon to central California, U.S., at elevations up to 1,000 m (3,300 feet) above sea level. It is sometimes called coast redwood to distinguish it from the Sierra redwood, or big tree (q.v.), and the Japanese redwood, or Japanese cedar (q.v.). The redwood of European commerce is the Scots pine. Redwoods are the tallest living trees; they often exceed 90 m (300 feet) in height, and one has reached 112.1 m (367.8 feet). Their trunks reach typical diameters of 3 to 6 m (10 to 20 feet) or more, measured above the swollen bases. The redwood tree takes 400 to 500 years to reach maturity, and some trees are known to be more than 1,500 years old. The leaves on the main shoots are spirally arranged, scalelike, and closely appressed to the branches; those of the lateral shoots are spreading, needlelike, and arranged in two rows. As the tree ages, the lower limbs fall away, leaving a clear, columnar trunk. When a tree is cut, sprouts arise from the sapwood below the cut surface. Natural reproduction occurs through seed production, although only a small percentage of the seeds germinate. The redwood's insect-, fungus-, and fire-resistant bark is reddish brown, fibrous, deeply furrowed, and 30 cm (12 inches) or more thick on an old tree. The base of the tree forms massive buttresses, and hemispheric burls may occur on the trunk. Redwood timber is used in carpentry and general construction, as well as for furniture, shingles, fence posts, and paneling. Burls cut from the trunk are made into bowls, trays, turned articles, and veneer.