REIMARUS, HERMANN SAMUEL

born Dec. 22, 1694, Hamburg died March 1, 1768 German philosopher and man of letters of the Enlightenment who is remembered for his Deism, the doctrine that human reason can arrive at a religion more certain than religions based on revelation. Appointed professor of Hebrew and Oriental languages at the Hamburg Gymnasium, or preparatory school, in 1727, Reimarus made his house a cultural centre and meeting place for learned and artistic societies. His first important philosophical work was Abhandlungen von den vornehmsten Wahrheiten der natrlichen Religion (1754; Treatises on the Principal Truths of Natural Religion), a Deistic discussion of cosmological, biologicalpsychological, and theological problems. In Die Vernunftlehre (1756; Doctrine of Reason) he combated traditional Christian belief in revelation. Reimarus' major work, Apologie oder Schutzschrift fr die vernunftigen Verehrer Gottes (Apologia or Defense for the Rational Reverers of God), required 20 years to complete and was deliberately left unpublished until after his death. Gotthold Lessing obtained fragments of the work from Reimarus' children for publication under the title Wolfenbtteler Fragmente in his own Zur Geschichte und Literatur (1774 and 1777). The appearance of the fragments aroused a controversy known as the Fragmentenstreit (German Streit, quarrel) that provoked both liberal and conservative criticism. Other fragments were published by several writers between 1787 and 1862, occasionally under pseudonyms. Reimarus also became known for his treatment of the life of Jesus. Jesus, he claimed, was a mere human afflicted by messianic illusions; after his death his body was stolen and hidden by his disciples to maintain his resurrection. Reimarus consistently denied miracles except for creation itself and claimed that the ethical doctrines necessary for the survival of human society were accessible to reason without the aid of revealed principles.